Criminal Justice Involved Treatment Focus

Criminal Justice Involved (CJI) clients are those individuals who have an open court case; are on active probation or parole; and/or have an extensive criminal history which is directly linked to and/or caused by an active substance use disorder issue through assessment.

An active substance use disorder (SUD) often directly or indirectly results in interaction with law enforcement and the criminal justice system. As a result, most people in carceral settings have an active SUD, and overdose is a leading cause of death in the two (2) weeks after an individual is released from incarceration. SUD treatment can help break this cycle by supporting alternatives to incarceration, a safer pathway to community reentry, and ultimately by treating the SUD and its root causes.


Effective clinical strategies for working with justice-involved clients include interventions that address criminal thinking and develop basic problem-solving skills. Pax utilizes evidence-based practices (EBP) tailored to managing SUDs, mental health issues, and criminogenic needs. For example, approaches like Motivational Interviewing (MI) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) target both substance use and antisocial behaviors that contribute to criminal recidivism. Additionally, trauma-informed care and active case management play a crucial role in our treatment curriculum.

As with other populations, the treatment of justice-involved clients are viewed as a dynamic, longitudinal process aligned with the chronic disease model of addiction. Consequently, effective treatment persists even after the legal issues of justice-involved clients are resolved.

While justice-involved clients may have similar clinical needs to other clients in SUD treatment, they often require that treatment providers communicate with justice partners, such as court and probation professionals, to support the client’s legal obligations and keep them in the community and recovery. Our CJI treatment focus involves unique care coordination and treatment focus to address the judicial requirements which the client faces as well as identifying root causes and breaking linkages which keep the client trapped in a recidivist state.

Our care coordination communicates with outside criminal justice agencies (e.g., LAC-Probation, LASD, LA County Superior Courts, etc.) to ensure that care coordination activities meet the respective criminal justice supervision requirements of the involved agency. Care coordination may include: Attending court hearings to report the progress of SUD treatment; arrange letters, phone calls, emails, and/or direct in-person meetings with the outside agency (LAC-Probation, LASD, and Parole) and/or court (LA Superior Courts) about client enrollment and SUD treatment progress; as well as, receive health records related to in-custody treatment for individuals being released from custody.

Courts have an important opportunity to recognize alleged criminal activity due to underlying problems, such as SUD, and offer treatment as an alternative to incarceration or further legal action. Court interaction is often the earliest opportunity to refer justice-impacted clients to treatment and can prevent the consequences of being charged or extended jail time. Court-based diversion is often conditional on the client being enrolled and engaged in treatment, and judges expect regular updates to assure them that the client is continuing to receive care. For this reason, timely communication with court partners is critical to support a client in continuing treatment and avoiding legal consequences. Therefore, communication with court partners by Pax Staff include: Provision of enrollment letters; being responsive to requests and providing updated progress reports, as well as, notifying court partners if the client leaves AMA or is at risk of non-voluntary or administrative discharge.


Most justice-involved individuals are on probation or parole, roughly twice (2x) as many as those who are incarcerated. This “community-supervision” allows people to remain in the community, maintaining their relationships and employment instead of incarceration. However, people under community supervision need to satisfy any number of conditions, including SUD treatment, to maintain good standing and avoid legal consequences and possible incarceration. For this reason, Pax staff make it a priority for timely communication with LAC-Probation partners in order to support clients remaining in the community and avoid legal consequences. Such communication includes: Being responsive to requests for enrollment and updated progress reports; notifying LAC-Probation partners if the client leaves AMA or is at risk of non-voluntary or administrative discharge, as well as, provision of discharge date and a final report.

For those who qualify, being enrolled in Pax’s Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program with Criminal Justice Involved focus gives the individual the best chances to not only recovery from their identified addiction, but also break the cycle of recidivism.

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